Copying lathe



5 R '56- J M KWF M 5m May 17, 1932.

COPYING LATHE Filed June 20, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 G. F. RYAN 1;858,462

May 17, 1932. G. F. RYAN 1,358,462

COPYING LATHE Filed June 20, 1929 35heets-Sheet 2 May 17, 1932. G. F. RYAN COPYING LATHE 7 Filed June 20, 1929 s Sheets-Sheet s Patented May 17, 1932 warren stares PATENT. OFFICE;

er oaen r. RYAN, or LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, Ass IeNon, BY MESNE nssrenmnnrs, 'ro

UNITED SHOE MACHINERY CORPORATION, oF'PArEnsoN, NEW JERSEY, A coRroRA;

TION OF NEW JERSEY COPYING LATHE Application filed June 20, 1-929. Serial No. 372,315.

ample, as patterns for soles, shoe uppers, clothing, etc., and accordmgly I do not intend that all of the appended claims shall be limited in scope to pattern reproducing machinery of the last making or even :of the three-dimensional type. I have therefore in many of the claims used words and terms in a generic sense as applying to the broad class of machinery of the pattern reproducing type.

It is well known that grading mechanisms l of pattern copying machines have been substantially pantographic in their action, multiplying all perpendicular distances from a grading axis (which, in a last lathe, is the axis of rotation of the model, and in machines for reproducing flat objects, is a line perpendicular to the direction of magnification elfected by the grading mechanism in question) to the surface or edge of the model by a factorconstant throughout the work. From this pantographic action there arose, in the use of last lathes, for example, of the type referred to, a problem of considerable importance. In such last lathes, the model is suspended on centers engaging its heel and toe tip, and in cutting lasts wider than the model the toe spring, which is the Vertical distance between the bottom of the ball and the toetip, is increased progressively as the last being cut becomes wider.

For instance, the 413 model is 7 inches in perimeter at the ball. The EE last is 8 inches in perimeter, and therefore about inch greater in thickness at this point. Since the axis of rotation passes through the ball portion near the top of the last, the greater corresponding problem in relation to tern grading is to be found in UnitedStates part of this A, inch is added on the bottom of the last, that is, the last drops below the model at this point by nearly 4), inch. This causes a certain variation in the bottom profile 0f the last as compared with that of the model. The toe tip, being on the'aXis of rotation, does not drop at all, the heel drops a certain amount and the ball drops (absolutely) more than any other point since it is farther below the axis than any other point. A distinctdownward bend in the bottom profile thus results, on the whole, from the Widening. This is especially noticeable .in the forepart, giving rise, as stated, to an exaggerated toe spring or dlstance from the floor line to the toe tip. The reverse diificulty occurs in the case of lasts narrower than the model.

Such variations in lasts cause great differences in the appearance of shoes of different sizes, in the same style, and increase the expense of manufacture, in that a variety. of heels of different heights is necessary to make the varying toe springs of a .line of shoes even tolerable. The same type of difiiculty occurs in the grading of shoe upper patterns to fit lasts.

This problem of producing a desired bottom profile in a last graded wider orn'arrower than the model was successfully solved by the inventions of L. B. Whipple (United States Letters Patent No. 1,362,183, granted December 14, 1920) of S. E. Boynton (United States Letters'Patent No. 1,362,185, granted December 14,1920) andof Ryan and Burke (United States Letters Patent No, 1,733,- 207, granted October .29, 1929); by the use of which the bottomprofile is controlled by shifting the model (or work block) dogs up or down on their mechanical axes of rotation during the last cutting The solution of the pat- Letters Patent No. 1,520,07 5, granted December 23, 1924, on. the application of R.

Packard. V a

This theory will be found fullyexplained in the'Letters Patent referred to. It may be briefly sta ted as follows, in reference to the production of. solid objects in a copying andfarther from the model wheel when the K upper side of the model is in contact with the wheel, and allow it to swing progressively farther and farther in toward the wheel when the tread face of the model is in contact with the wheel. duces the parallel vertical transverse laminae into which the model can be regarded as divided by the successive circuits of the model wheel around it, in progressively vertically shifted positions relatively to one another, in the block, and thus the bottom profile of the last out can be controlled. The procedure given above, by way of example, if carried out from the ball to the heel breast portions of the model, would increase the toe spring.

In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide a pattern copying machine which will be as successful in solving the toe spring problem above analyzed as the machines disclosed in the Letters Patent referred to, and which will at the same time be further simplified and otherwise improved.

Accordingly, the invention, in an important aspect, provides for relatively moving transverse laminae which are oblique to the grading axes of the model and work instead of perpendicular to these axes. Preferably,

in the case of solid objects, as lasts, the planes of the displaced laminae are substantially coincident with the planes in which the principal girth measurements of the last are taken.

These measurementsare at the ball, waist,

and instep. The planes in which the measurements are taken are substantially oblique to the axes of rotation of the model and last being cut, and the inclinations are different for the three measurements. The invention, in its method aspect, comprises orienting the planes of the displaced laminae to correspond with the planes of measurement. Thus, the measurements are not changed by the relative movement of the laminae.

In the illustrated last lathe, by means of which the method may be practiced, and in which the invention in its machine aspect is embodied, this is accomplished by relatively oscillating the model and block on the one hand relatively to the model wheel and cutter on the other hand, in a direction parallel to the lengths of the model and block, and- ..in a cycle having a period equal to the rotation period of the model and the block. In the illustrated machine, the model wheel and cutter move relatively toward the toe ends This, in effect, repro-' of the model and block during the reproduction of the upper half of each lamina and toward the heel ends during the lower half. This causes the plane of the model wheel track (or tool track) around the model (or block) during any one revolution, to be inclined downwardly and backwardly, thus bring it into correspondence with the measurement planes. The angle of obliquity to the axes of rotation depends on the amplitude of oscillation and means are provided to vary this amplitude automatically during the production of a work piece to effect the optimum correspondence between the measurement planes and the lamina planes. In the illustrated machine the oscillation is begun at the toe with a zero amplitude which is systematically increased until the: ball portion is reached, where the obliquity of the measuring plane is the greatest, and then diminished as the cutting proceeds toward the instep.

The illustrated mechanical means for effecting this result comprises a so-called third carriage which is oscillated in the manner referred to. This carriage carries the ordinary model wheel and cutter carriages and both grading mechanisms. The oscillation is effected by an oscillating lever controlled by a'rotating cam having the same rotation period as the model and block, the mechanical advantage of the lever being automatically and progressively varied by the movement of the model wheel carriage.

In its broadest aspect the invention contemplates dividing the model into laminw lying transverse to the grading axis of the model but at systematically. varying angles thereto (so that the laminae are slightly wedge-shaped) and then displacing such laminae in turn in a direction having a fixed orientation in the model, and reproducing them in correspondingly displaced positions in the work; or in another view reproducing such model laminae in the work in corresponding differential relative displacements.

The nature of the relative movement deserves a little consideration. The absolute movement, of any lamina is vertical relavtively to the model or last, since it is produced by a vertical (in the same sense) movement of the model dogs. The laminae that are moved lie oblique. to this direction and to the axis of rotation of the. model (or block). The movement of a lamina may therefore be considered as having two components, one parallel to the plane of the lamina and the other perpendicular to this plane. The parallel component will effect a relative shift or sliding movement of adjacent laminae and the perpendicular component will effect a relative movement of approach or separation, of the laminae. Inasmuch as the laminae lie substantially in the measurement planes, neither of these component movements, nor bothcombined, will distort the measurements, which under the circumstances described, are the perimeters of the laminae.

In its broadest aspect, therefore, the invention provides for the relative movement, or displacement, of laminae which lie oblique to the longitudinal and vertical directions of the (solid or flat) model, and their reproduction thus displaced, or in such displaced positions. In another aspect the invention provides for the relative shifting or sliding of such laminae on one another as well as for relative movements of approach and separation between them.

These and other aspects and features of the invention comprising certain combinations and arrangements of parts will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the machine aspect of the invention shown in the drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a front elevation Fig. 2 is a detail perspective of the mechanism for operating the third'carriage;

Figs. 3 and 4 are plan views of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a detail; and 7 Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the path of the model wheel around the model.

In the practice of the present invention any suitable shifting mechanism may be used. in the disclosed machine the dog shifting means is substantially identical with that shown in my application Serial No. 372,314, filed June 20, 1929, to which reference may be made if desired. This mechanism will be only briefly described here. All reference numerals smaller than 180 refer to the similarly numbered parts in my application referred to.

The castings 22, 24 carry identical automatic mechanisms for shifting the dogs 28, 30 away from their mechanical axes of rotation. These are operated by links 108 pivoted to members 120 which are adjustable along pivoted lever arms 124 pivoted on the castings 22 and 24 respectively and joined by a rod 126 to form a frame. The frame has a depending arm 132 by means of which it is slowly oscillat-ed on its bearings as the model wheel carriage 166 progresses. by virtue of a lever 153 pivoted at 150 on the frame bar 20. The lever 153 carries a cam 142 which operates the depending arm 132 to swing the frame 124-426-124. The rear end of the lever 153 is universally pivoted at 162 to a slide 158. mounted in a slideway 164 which is itself mounted on a rack bar 180 sliding in guides 182 mounted on the main frame 10 (Figs. 2 and 3). The rack bar 180 is moved by gears 183, 184, the latter being mounted on a shaft 186. driven by a worm and wheel at 188. The gearing is so designed that the rack 180 is driven at precisely the speed of the cutter carriage 168 along the third carriage 200 but owing to the oscillation of the model wheel.

and cutter carriages characteristic of the present invention, it is not feasibleto connect the lever 153 to the cutter carriage or to the model wheel carriage directly.

In accordance, with the present invention, I have interposed between the main frame 10 and the model wheel and cutter carriages 166, 168, a third carriage 200. The top of this carriage is ribbed like the top of the frame 10, and its bottom is grooved like the bottoms of the "model wheel and cutter carriages. Thus it can slide on the main frame, and the other two carriages can slide on it.

The driving mechanism 202 for the cutter carriage is mounted on the third carriage 200 instead of on the frame 10 and is of ordinary construction except that its shaft 204 is splined into its drive pulley 206 and into the worm at 188 to permit movement of the third carriage. The length grading mechanism 170v is also mounted on the third carriage instead of on the frame 10. As described so far the third carriage merely replaces the top of the main frame 10.

The third carriage 200 is oscillated on the top of the frame 10 by a link 208 pivoted toit and to a pin 210 in a block 212 which can be adjusted in a slot 214 in a lever 216 pivotally mounted at 217 on a bracket 218 which is bolted to the frame 10. c In Fig. 2 the pin 210 is shown as directly overthe pivot 217 in the bracket 218. At one end of the lever 216 is. a slot 220 embracing a pin 222 in a slide 224 which can move in a bracket 226 on the frame 10. lhe pin 222 extends through the slide 224 and engages a peripheral cam slot 228 in a member 230 which is driven by a sprocket chain 232, at an angular velocity equal to that of the model and block in the swing frame. The cam 228 has a dwell which corresponds to the traverse of the model wheel and cutter over the bottoms of the model and block. Obviously when the pin 210 is off the pivotal center of the lever 216, the third carriage will be oscillated with an amplitude depending on the position of the pin 210 in the slot 214, and will carry the model wheel and cutter carriages with it, since they are positively connected to it by their drives 202 and 170.

iio

The pin 210 is embraced by a slot 234 in a slide 236, working in a bracket 237 on the frame 10, the slot permitting the oscillation of the pin. The slide 236 automatically moves the pm .210 in the slot 214,"'and to that 1 end is operated by a link 238 pivoted to a block 240 adjustable on anarm 242 pivoted at 241 (Fig. 4) on the bracket 237. The end of the arm 242 has a slot 244 embracing a dovetail-ended pin 246 which can be ad- 3 the side of a gear 256 pivotally mounted on a bracket 258 on the frame 10. The gear 256 is driven by a rack bar 260 which slidesfreely on the top of the third carriage 200 and beside the front edge of the model wheel carriage 166. The rack bar 260 has a slot at 262 embracing a pin 264' shown as the pin on which the length grading lever 170 hangs,

and is connected to the pin 264 by a spring- 266, which is strong enough to drive the rack bar as the carriage 166 moves, holding the pin 264 in the right-hand end of the slot. An adjustable stop 268 is mounted on the third carriage 200 where a shoulder 270 on the rack bar 260 can hit it. 1

Fig. 2 shows the machine as it is at the beginning of the out except that the block 240 will have been adjusted on the center 241 as shown in Fig. 4. As the model wheel carriage 166 and cutter carriage 168 are fed to movement of the third carriage 200 increases 1 in amplitude to a maximum, depending in magnitude on the adjustment of the block 240, and as the gear 256 rotates another 180 the amplitude of oscillation of the third carriage diminishes again to zero.

This oscillating movement of the third carriage causes the points of contact of the model wheel and cutter to move around the model and block in planes which gradually become more and more oblique to the axes of rotation of the model and block up to the maximum, and which then return toward perpendicularity again, after the maximum is passed (see Fig. 6) where the full and dotted lines show the condition of things in two positions of the model 180 apart.

\ The half circumference of the gear 256 is preferably made substantially equal to the longitudinal distance from the toe to the ball of the longest model which it is contemplated will be used in the machine. Thus the'maximum oscillation of the third carriage will come at the section 272 (Fig. 6), and the block 240 is so adjusted that this section will substantially coincide With the plane in which the ball measurement is taken. As the planes of the model wheel and tool tracks around the model and block gradually move toward perpendicularity to the axes of the model and block they will coincide substantially with the planes of the waist and instep measurements. Thev step 268 will catch the rack bar 260 when the pin j 254 has reached any desired position, as for example, its Fig. 2 position, when the cutting has reached the heel breast portion of the last, which is about twice as far from the toe as is the ball, in order to keep the whole oscillation, process from starting again in the heel.

t this time the pin 264 will pull out in the slot 262, stretching thespring 266.

lvleanwhile the dog shitting mechanism will have been operated in any desired way, as from the ball portion to the heel breast portion of the model and block to adjust the bottom profile as desired.

The machine may be adapted for handling models of varying length by using a set of gears 256 of correspondingly varying diameters, or, preferably by utilizing the slots 247, 255. The pin 254 will then be adjusted in the slot 255 to the position which will enable the rotation of the gear 256 to carry it to the lowermost point of its circular path, as seen in Fig. 4, while the machine is cutting from the toe tip to the ball. Such adjustment will move the slide 248 and the slot 247 is provided to enable a corresponding adjustment of the pin 246 in the slide 248 to preserve the neutral initial adjustment of the parts 242, 236, 210.

In Fig. 6 the dotted lines represent laminae into which the model may be regarded as divided. These laminae are slightly wedge shaped, and from the ball portion to the heel breast portion of the model are moved relatively to one another by slight and progressively changing amounts, such movement being herein called differential movement, to adjust the bottom profile of the last being cut, as explained in the patents and application referred to. It is obvious that the shiftings will take place in planes corresponding with they planes of the measurements which are to be taken, and that consequently these measure'mentswill not be changed by the action of the dog shitting mechanism.

The stop 268 can be so adjusted as to cause the movement of the gear 256 to stop at any desired point, for example when the action of the: dog shifting mechanism stops, or before. The last will obviously be reproduced just as well whether the planes of the model wheel and tool track are perpendicular to the axes of the model and block or not, but it is not advisable to have them substantially oblique at the heel endsof the model and block. In some ofthe claims appended hereto the terminology tracings of laminae of a model, or similar wording, has been used. By a tracing of a lamina is meant the shape or form of the outline of the lamina considered as an object to be traversed by a tracer, tor the-purpose of its own individual reproduction, and as an entity distinct from the tracings of its neighboring laminae, or from these laminae themselves. In practicing the method of the invention by means of the illusregarded. as the intersection of the plane of the lamina with the surface of the model, analogy-With the use of the term trace in descriptive geometry.

Having described my invention, what I' claim as new andv desire to-secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. That. improvement in the art of manufacturing solid. objects which consists in producing in a block pantographic reproductions of laminae :into which the model maybe regarded as divided, in relatively differential- 1y displaced positions, the direction of dis placement being oblique to the planes of the laminae.

2.. That improvement in the art of pattern copying which consists in producing in a Work piece pantographic reproductions of laminae into which the model may be regarded as divided, in relatively diil'erentially displaced positions, the direction of displacement being oblique to the laminae.

3. That improvement in the art of manufacturingshoe lasts which consists in reproducing in a block laminae lying oblique to the longitudinal axis of amodel, said reproduced laminae lying obliquely and in relatively displaced positions in the block.

4:. That improvement in the art of manufacturing shoe lasts which consists in reproducing in. a block laminae lying oblique to the longitudinal axis of a model, said reproduced laminae lying obliquely and in heightwise relatively displaced positions in the block.

5. That improvement in the art of manu facturing shoe lasts which consists in repro d-ucing laminae lying. oblique to the longitudinal axis of the model in relatively displaced positions in the block, the direction of dis placement being oblique to the planes of the laminae.

6. That improvement in the art of pattern copying which consists in reproducing lannnae lying oblique to a grading axis. of the model in relatively displaced positions in the work, the direction of displacement being oblique to the laminae.

7. That improvement in the art of manufacturing shoe lasts which consists inreproducing laminae lying oblique to the longitudinal axis of the model in relatively displaced positions in the block, the direction of displacement being perpendicular to the said axis.

8. That improvement in the art of pattern copying which consists in reproducing laminae lying oblique to a grading axis of the model in relatively displaced positions in the work, the direction of displacement being perpendicular to the said axis.

9. That improvement 1n the art of manufacturing shoe lasts which consists in reproducinglam-inaelying oblique to the longitudinal axis of the model in obliquely lying relatively displ'acedpositions in the block in such a manner that the displacement has a component which is parallel to the planes of. the laminae.

10. That improvement in the art of pattern copying which consists in reproducing laminm lying oblique to a grading axis of the model in obliquely lying relatively displaced positions in the work in such a manner that the displacement has a component which is parallel to the laminae.

11. In a pattern copying machine, means.

for holding a model and a work piece, and means for pantographically reproducing in obliquely lying positions in the work piece,

laminae of the model. lying oblique to the longitudinal axis of the model, and shifting any desired portion of such reproduced laminae upon one another as they are formed.

12. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, means for holding amodel and a block, and a grading mechanism and connections for pantographically reproducing in the block in positions lying oblique to the axis thereof, laminae taken from the model lying oblique to the longitudinal axis of the model, and for automatically shifting such reproduced laminae upon one another as they are formed.

13. In a three-dimensi0nal pattern. copy ing machine, means for holding a model and a block, and means for pantographically reproducing in positions lying obliquelyin the block, laminae lying oblique to the longitudinalaxis of the model, and for shifting such, reproduced laminae upon one another as they are formed.

14. In a three-dimensional pattern copying machine, means for holding a model and a block, and means for pantographically re-' producing in the block laminae taken from the model lying oblique to the longitudinal axis of the model, said reproduced laminae also lying. obliquely in the block, and for shifting such reproduced laminae upon one another atan arbitrarily predetermined rate as they are formed.

15. In a pattern copyingmachine, means for holding a model and a block, a grading mechanism and connections for pantograph ically reproducing in the block laminae of the model lying oblique .to the longitudinal axis of the model, the reproduced laminae also lying obliquely in the block, and for predeterminedly relatively shifting reproduced laminae upon one another, permitting a change in the direction of relative shift at an intermediate point of the work.

16. In a pattern copying machine, means for holding a model and a work piece, grad ing means for pantographically reproducing, in obliquely lying positions in the work piece,

portion of the work, and in another direction in another portion of the work.

17. In a machine of the class described,

means for relatively displacing laminae of a model lying oblique to the longitudinal axis of the model and for pantographically reproducing such la'minw obliquely in a work piece.

18. In a machine of the class described, model handling means for relatively shifting laminae of a model lying oblique to the longitudinal axis of the model taken in order, upon one another, and for reproducing such laminae obliquely in a work piece.

19. In a machine of the class described, means for relatively shifting laminae of a model lying oblique to the longitudinal axis of the model taken in order at a predetermined rate and forpantographically' reproducing such laminae obliquely in a work piece. a

20. In a machine of the class described, means for automatically relatively displacing laminae of a model lying obliqueto the longitudinal axis of the model and for pantographically reproducing such laminae in positions lying oblique to the longitudinal axis in a work piece.

21. In a machine of the class described, means for automatically continuously shifting lamina of amodel lying oblique to the longitudinal axis of the model upon one another in order, and for reproducing such laminae in obliquely lying positions in a work iece. p 22. In a last lathe, a model wheel, a cutter, mechanism for presenting a model and block tosaid wheel and cutter respectively, and rotating them about longitudinal axes, means for moving said model or block in a heightwise direction during the turning, and means for oscillating said model and block longitudinally relatively to said model wheel and cutter respectively, in a cycle having the same period as that of the rotation of the modeland block. 7

23. That improvement in the art of reproducing solid objects which consists in reproducing in relatively displaced positions in a block laminae into which the model is regarded as divided, said laminae extending from side to side of the model and lying oblique to the longitudinal axis thereof, and being so reproduced. Y

I 24. That improvement in the art of manufacturing solid obj ects which consists in producing in a block pantographic reproductions of substantially parallel laminae of a model differentially displaced relatively to one another in a direction oblique to their planes.

at a predetermined rate in a direction oblique to their planes as they are formed.

27. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consists in automatically producing in a block pantographic reproductions of successive substantially parallel laminae of a model and displacing them relatively to one another in a direction oblique to their planes at a predetermined rate.

28. That improvement in the art of manufacturing lasts which consists in automatically producing in a block pantographic reproductions of successive'substantially parallel laminae of a model, displacing them relatively to one another in a direction oblique to their planes, and varying the angle of obliquity in a systematic manner.

29. The method of turning lasts which consists in rotating the model and the block about suitable axes in contact with a model wheel and cutter respectively and in producing a relative oscillation between the model wheel and cutter on the one hand and the model and block on the other hand, said oscillation being in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the model and of the block and having a period equal to that of the rotation of the model and the block.

30. In a last turning machine, model and block holding means and a model wheel and cutter, and mechanism for rotating the model t and the block in contact with the model wheel and cutter respectively and for causing the model wheel and cutter to move relatively around the model and the block in planes making an oblique angle with the axes of rotati on of the model and the block.

31. In a last turning machine, model and block holding means and a model wheel and cutter, mechanism for rotating the model and the block in contact with the model wheel and L cutter respectively and for causing the model wheel and cutter to move relatively around the model and the block in planes making a substantially oblique angle with the axes of rotation of the model and the block, and

means for varying theangle of obliquity according to a predetermined law.

32. In a last turning machine, model and block holding means and a model wheeland cutter, mechanism for rotating the model and the block in contact with the model wheel and cutter respectively and for causing the model wheel and cutter to move relatively around the model and the block in planes making a substantially oblique angle with the axes of rotation of the model and the block, and means for automatically varying the angle of obliquity according to a predetermined law.

33. In a last turning machine, model and block holding means and a model wheel and cutter, mechanism for rotating the modeland the block in contact with the model wheel and cutter respectively and for causing the model wheel and cutter to move relatively around the model and the block in planes making a substantially oblique angle with the axes of rotation of the model and the block, and means for varying the angle of obliquity to bring the said planes substantially into coincidence with the plane of measurement at the waist of the last.

34. In a last turning machine, model and block holding means and a model wheel and cutter, mechanism for rotating the model and the block in contact with the model wheel,

and cutter respectively and for causing the model wheel and cutter to move relatively around the model and the block in planes making a substantially oblique angle with the axes of rotation of the model and the block, and automatic means for varying the angle of obliquity to bring the said planes substantially into coincidence with the plane of measurement at the waist of the last.

35. In a last turning machine, model and block holding means and a model wheel and cutter, mechanism for rotating the model and the block in contact with the model wheel and cutter respectively and for causing the model wheel and cutter to move relatively around the model and the block in planes making an angle substantially other than 90 with the axes of rotation of the model and the block, and means for varying the angle of obliquity to bring the said planes substantially into coincidence with the plane of measurement at the ball of the last.

36. In a last turning machine, model and block holding means and a model wheel and cutter, mechanism for rotating the model and the block in contact with the model'wheel and cutter respectively and for causing the model wheel and cutter to move relatively around the model and the block in planes making a substantially oblique angle with the axes of rotation of the model and the block, and means for varying the angle of obliquity to bring the said planes substantially into coincidence with the plane of measurement at the instep of the last.

37. In a lastturning machine, model and block holding means and a model wheel and cutter, mechanism for rotating the model and the block in contact with the model wheel and cutter respectively and for causin the model wheel and cutter to move relativelyaround the model and the block in planes making a substantially oblique angle with the axes of rotation of'the model and the block, and automatic means for obliquity to bring the'said planes substantially 'into coincidence with-the plane of measurement at the waist, ball and instep of the last.

39. In a last block holding means and a model wheel and cutter, mechanism for rotating the model and the block in contact with the model wheel and cutter respectively and for causing the model wheel and cutter to move relatively around the model and the block in planes making a substantially oblique angle withthe axes of rotation of the model and the block, and means for varying the angle with the axes varying the angle of is turning machine, model and between the said planes and the axes of rotation of the model and of the block from at the toe to van obliquity corresponding to that of the measurement planes at the ball, waist and instep of the last as these portions are reached in the last cutting.

40. In a pattern copying machine, a model wheel and tool, a model holding means and a block holding means, mechanism for rotating the model and the block in their respective holding means in contact wheel and cutter respectively, and mechanism for effecting relative movements of oscillation between the model and model wheel and block and tool respectively in a direction parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block, in a cycle having the same period as that of the rotation of the model. c

l1. In a pattern copying machine, a model wheel and tool, a model holding means and a block holding means, mechanism for rotating the model and the block in their respective holding means in contact with the model wheel and cutter respectively, mechanism for effecting relative movements of oscillation between the model and model wheel and block and tool respectively in a direction parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block, in. a cycle having the same period as that of: the rotationof the model, and means for varying the amplitude of the oscillatory with the model n its pairs of primary instrumentalities,

movements as the production of a work piece proceeds.

42. In a pattern copying machine, two v1z., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, and means for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations.

48. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage onwhich one of the said pairs is mounted, means for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations, and means for moving the model heightwise during the production of a work piece.

44. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, and a rocking member for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations.

45. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, a rocking member for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations, and means for relatively} ;displacing laminae of a model as they are reproduced in a block.

46. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, and means for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations and the amplitude of the oscillation being automatically varied during. the production of a work piece.

47. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holda rocking member for in and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the sa1d palrs 1s mounted, model-dog sh1ft1ng means, and means for 0s:

cillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations, and the amplitude of the oscillation being automatically varied during the production of a work plece.

48. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, and a rocking member for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations, the connection between the rocking member and the third carriage being automatically varied during the production of a work piece to vary the amplitude of the oscillation.

49. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holdingand rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, means for elfecting relative displacements of the model and model wheel in a direction which is always heightwise of the model, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, and oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations, the connection between the rocking member and, the third carriage being automatically varied during the production of a work piece to vary the amplitude of the oscillation.

50. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viZ., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, and means for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to thatof the rotations, and the amplitude of the oscillation being automatically varied during the production of a work piece by the movement of one of the first-named carriages.

51. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, a rocking member for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations, a variable connection between the rocking member and the third carriage, and a slide for varying the said variable connection, said slide being operated by the movement oi one of the first-mentioned carriages.

52. in a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, a rocking member for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations, a link connected to the third carriage and adjustably connect-ed to the rocking member, an adjusting. member connected to the adjustably connected end of the link, and mechanism connecting the adjusting member to one of the first-named carriages whereby the movement of the said carriage may vary the adjustment.

53. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, means for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations, and mechanism for varying the amplitude of the oscillation during the production of a work piece, first in one direction and then in the other.

54. In a pattern copying machine, two

pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz,

model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, means for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation' being equal to that of the rotations, and mechanism for automatically increasing the amplitude of the oscillation during the production of a work piece.

55. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, means for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equalto that ofthe rotations, and mechanism for automaticallyincreasing the amplitude of the oscillation up to a predeholding and rotating means, a third termined point in the production of a work piece and for automatically diminishing it after that point.

56. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, means for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to thatof the rotations, and mechanism for automatically increasing the amplitude of the oscillation up to a predetermined point in the production of a work piece and for automatically diminishingit after that point comprising a crank pin and a lever operated thereby. 7

57. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holdng and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which one of the said pairs is mounted, means for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, cillation being equal to that of the rotations, mechanism for automatically increasing the amplitude of the oscillation up to a predetermined point in the production of a work piece and for automatically diminishing it after that point comprising a crank pin and a lever operated thereby, and means for driving the crank pin from one of the first-mentloned carriages.

- 58. In a pattern copying machine, two

pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz.,

model wheel and tool carriages, and a model a holding and rotating means anda block holding and rotating means, a third carriageon which one of the said pairs is mounted, means for oscillating the third carriage parallel to the axes of rotation of the model and block rotating means, the period of oscillation being equal to that of the rotations, mechanism for automatically increasing the amplitude of the oscillation up to a predetermined point in the production of a work piece and for automatically diminishing it afterthat point comprising a crank pin and a lever operated thereby, and means for driving the crank pin from one of the first-mentioned carriages comprising a gear on which the crank pin is mounted and a rack connected to the said driving carriage.

' 5 9. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz.,

model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which the model wheel and cutter carriages are mounted, length grading mechanism connecting the two first-mentioned carriages,

the period of oswidth grading mechanism on one of thetwo first-mentioned carriages, and driving mechanism for the other of the two first-mentioned carriages mounted on the third carriage, a lever mounted on the main frame, means for oscillating the lever in a cycle having the same period as the rotation period of the model and block rotating means, a connection between the oscillating lever and the third carriage, and means for varying the point of connection to the lever as the work piece is formed.

60. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, Viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which the model wheel and cutter carriages are mounted, length grading mechanism connecting the two first-mentioned carriages, and driving mechanism for the other of the two first-mentioned carriages mounted on the third carriage, a lever mounted on the main frame, means for oscillating the lever in a cycle having the same period as the rotation period of the model and block rotating means, a connection between the oscillating lever and the third carriage, and means for automatically varying the point of connection to the lever as the work piece is formed.

61. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool'carriages, and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on which the model wheel and cutter carriages are mounted, length grading mechanism connecting the two first-mentioned carriages, and driving mechanism for the other of the two first-mentioned carriages mounted on the third carriage, a lever mounted on the main frame, means for oscillating the lever in a cycle having the same period as the rotation period of the model and block rotating means, azconnection between the oscillating lever and the third carriage, .and means for automatically varying the point of connection to the lever as the work piece is formed comprising a crank pin arranged to be driven by one of the two first-mentioned carriages.

62. In a pattern copying machine,two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and .ablock holding :and rotating means, a third carriage on which the model wheel and cutter carriages are mounted, length grading mechanism connecting the two first-mentioned carriages, and driving mechanism for the other of the two first-mentioned carriages mounted on the third carriage, a lever mounted on the main frame, means for oscillating the lever in a cycle having the same period as the rotation period of the model and block rotating means, a connection between the oscillating lever and the third carriage, and means forautomatically varying the point of connection to the lever as the work piece is formed comprising a crank pin arranged to be driven by one of the two first-mentioned carriages, and a second lever operated by said crank pin.

' 68. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz.,

model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block hold ing and rotating means, a third carriage on which the model wheel and cutter carriages are mounted, length grading mechanism connecting the two first-mentioned carriages, and

driving mechanism for the other of the two first-mentioned carriages mounted on the third carriage, a lever mounted on the main frame, means for oscillating the lever in a cycle having the same period as the rotation period of the model and block rotating means, a connection between the oscillating lever and the third carriage, and means for automatically varying the point of connection to the lever as the work plece is formed com-Y.

prising a rack connected to the said driving carriage, a gear operated by the rack, and a crank pin mounted on the gear.

64-. In a pattern copying machine, two pairs of primary instrumentalities, viz., model wheel and tool carriages and a model holding and rotating means and a block holding and rotating means, a third carriage on whichthe model wheel and cutter carriages are mounted, length grading mechanism con I.

necting the two first-mentioned carriages, and driving mechanism for the other of the two first-mentioned carriages mounted on the third carriage, a lever mounted on the main frame, means for oscillating the lever in a cycle having thesame period as the rotation period of the model and block rotating means, a connection between the oscillating lever and the third carriage, and means for automatically varying the point of connection to I the lever as the work piece is formed comprising a rack connected to the said driving carriage, a gear operated by the rack, and a crank pinadjustably mounted on the gear.

65. In pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and mechanism for reproducing in relatively displaced obliquely l ing positions in the block laminae of the model lying oblique to the axis of rotation of the model. v 66. In a pattern copying'machine, model and block rotating means, and mechanism for pantographically reproducing in relatively displaced positions in the block laminae of the model ly ng oblique to the axis .of rotation of the model, said reproduced laminae lying obliquely in the block.

7. In a pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and mechanism for reproducing in relatively displaced c A 1. quel lying positions in the block according liio asses-6e to a predetermined law, laminae of the model lying oblique to the axis of rotation of the model.

68. In a pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and mechanism for pantographically reproducing in relatively displaced positions in the block, according to a predetermined law, laminae of the model lying oblique to the axis of rotation of the model, said reproduced laminae also lying obliquely in the block.

69. In a pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and mechanism for reproducin in relatively displaced positions in the block laminae of the model lying oblique to the axis of rotation of the model, the displacement being independent of the obliquity.

70. In a pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and mechanism for pantographically reproducing in relatively displaced positions in the block laminae of the model lying oblique to the axis of rotation of the model, the displacement being independent of the obliquity.

71. In a pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and means for relatively displacing, in a direction oblique to the planes of the laminae, laminae of a model lying oblique to the axis of rotation thereof and reproducing the laminae, thus displaced, in the block.

72. In a pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and mechanism for reproducing in relatively displaced positions in the block, in a direction oblique to the planes of the laminae, laminae of the model lying oblique to the axis of rotation of the model.

73. In a pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means. and means for relatively displacing, in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the model, laminae of a model lying oblique to the axis of rotation thereof and pantographically reproducing the laminae, thus displaced, in the block.

74. In a pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and mechanism for pantographically reproducing in relatively displaced positions in the block, in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the model. laminae of the model lying oblique to the axis of rotation of the model.

7 5. That improvement in the art of pattern copying which consists in relatively displacing tracings of laminae of a model in a direction oblique to their planes and in pantographically reproducing them as laminae in such relatively displaced positions in a block.

76. That improvement in the art of pattern copying which consists in relatively displacing tracings of laminae of a model in a direction oblique to their planes and in reproducing them as laminae in such relatively displaced positions in a block.

77. a pattern copying machine, model and-blockrotating means, and means for relatively displacing tracings of laminae of a model lying oblique to the axis of rotation of the model and reproducing the tracings as laminae, thus relatively displaced, in the block.

' 78. Ina pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and means for relatively displacing tracings of laminae of a model lying oblique to the axls of rotation of the model and pantographically reproducing the tracings as laminae, thus displaced, in the ings as laminae, thus displaced, in the block.

81. In a pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and means for relatively displacing tracings of laminae of a. model lying oblique to the axis of rotation of the model and reproducing the tracings as laminae, thus displaced, in the block, the dis placement being independent of the obliquity.

82. In a pattern copying machine, model and block rotating means, and means for relatively displacing tracings of laminae of a model lyingoblique to the axis of rotation of the model and pantographically reproducing the tracings as laminae, thus displaced, in the block, the displacement being independent of the obliquity.

83. That improvement in the art of pattern copying which consists in relatively displacing in the same direction tracings of laminae of a model lying at successively different obliquities to the said direction, and in reproducing them as laminae in such relatively displaced positions in a block.

84. That improvement inthe art of pattern copying which consists in relatively displacing in the same direction tracings of laminae of a model lying at successively different obliquities to the said direction, and in pantographically reproducin them as laminae in such relatively displace positions in a block.

85; That improvement in the art of pattern copying Which consists in reproducing successive laminae of a model in a block in progressively relatively displaced positions, the direction of each relative displacement being oblique-to the planes'of tl ie relatively disrplaced reproduced laminae.

86. That improvement in the art of pattern copying which consists in reproducing succes- V sive laminae of a model lying at progressively varying obliquities to a fixed line drawn in the model, in a block in progressively relativec ly displaced positions. 1 I

87. That improvement in the art ofpattern copying which consists in progressively displacing a model perpendicularly to a plane fixed in space parallel to the longitudinal axis of the model, and reproducing in a-block successive laminae lying in the model oblique to the plane, in rogressively displaced positions correspon ing respectively to the rogressively displaced positions of these aminae of the model'occurring during the said progressive displacement of the model.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

' GEORGE F. RYAN.

QLTCO 

